Essay on The Construction of the Skyscraper Burj Khalifa

Started in 2008, the construction of the skyscraper is expected to complete late this year, with it being open to public in 2015. The Shanghai tower is the second tallest building in the world; second only to the Burj Khalifa in Dubai (at 829.8m). China is no stranger to tall feats of engineering, possessing many of the top 20 tallest buildings in the world. This time round, however, the focus was on the design and sustainability. The big challenge of the current world is sustainability, and so too, was it a challenge for the civil and design engineers on this project. Many key points that the design team wanted to achieve included electricity generation, reducing wind loads, more efficient use of construction material as well as being†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ The asymmetrical design also incorporates a parapet that collects rainwater which is then recycled for use in the tower’s cooling and heating air conditioning system, thus effectively reducing the buildingâ €™s consumption of water. †¢ The faà §ade’s glass skin features advanced material technology that is designed to use 14% less glass material, all the while minimising energy consumption by having highly effective heat retention properties. †¢ Within the tower is a complex wind turbine system that is expected to generate 350000 kWh of electricity. Although this is not enough to completely sustain the building’s electricity use, this dramatically lowers the required electrical supply from the city grid. †¢ In addition to all the technological strategies, the tower features a system of atria that is designed to provide comfortable, outdoor social spots as well as intakes for the circulation of fresh air within the building. The tower project, as with any tower constructions, possesses a number of safety issues and concerns. Issues that may arise with the project in mind include the structural integrity of the building itself in face of harsh weather or environmental disasters, and issues that may arise due to construction include staffShow MoreRelatedThe Burj Khalifa And The Tallest Building923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Burj Khalifa is the tallest building in the world, and has been since 2009. It is a work place and a home to many people in Dubai. 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Developments In Direct Reduced Iron Free Essays

Developments In Direct Reduced Iron ( DRI ) Direct reduced Fe ( DRI ) is produced through the solid province decrease of Fe oxides derived from Fe ore or electric discharge furnace ( EAF ) mulcts for the usage as a virgin Fe beginning in the EAF or basic O furnace ( BOF ) processes. Virgin Fe beginnings are needed in the EAF procedure to thin the remainders ( Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, or Va ) nowadays from old steel doing operations in the bit steel used as the primary natural stuff used in the EAF. DRI is produced in many different procedures utilizing several different fuels and different provender stocks. We will write a custom essay sample on Developments In Direct Reduced Iron or any similar topic only for you Order Now The DRI processes use several reaction vass including shaft furnaces, rotary fireplace furnaces, fluidized bed reactors, traveling bed reactors, and rotary kilns. The fuels used in the procedures are chiefly coal or natural gas, these fuels are used to make a reduction ambiance and elevated temperature to make a more favourable reaction. The quality of the DRI is measured by the sum of metallic Fe ( Fe or Fe3C ) is present in the merchandise. This figure is called metallization and is reported in a per centum of the entire mass of the merchandise. The merchandises of the DRI procedures are either pelletized into DRI or briquetted into hot briquetted Fe ( HBI ) . The decrease of the Fe ore or EAF mulcts takes topographic point in several reactions that cut down the Fe oxides to metallic Fe ( eq. 1 and 2 ) . The reduction gases are produced by burning natural gas or a C beginning so adding the heated burning merchandises to the reaction vass. Fe2O3 + 3H2 ( g ) 2Fe + 3H2O ( combining weight. 1 ) Fe2O3 + 3CO ( g ) 2Fe + 3CO2 ( combining weight. 2 ) Hydrogen and C monoxide are formed from burning natural gas, while merely C monoxide is formed when coal or coke is combusted. The difference between the procedures is how the provender stock is exposed to the burning gases. The most common type of reaction vas is the shaft furnace where the provender stock is fed into the top of the furnace so dropped through the vas to be exposed to the reduction gasses so extracted from the underside of the furnace. The conceiver of utilizing the shaft furnace for DRI production is the Midrex corporation and is known as the Midrex Process. The Midrex procedure uses a Reformed natural gas as the decrease gas and requires the usage of pelletized Fe ore as a provender stock. The natural gas is combusted in a reforming vas so fed into the shaft furnace where it is assorted with extra natural gas and O to make some more chemical energy for the procedure ( figure 1 ) . The fluke gas is so fed through a station burning chamber and the energy extracted from station burning is used to preheat the provender gas. This gas is so fed to a bag house where it is scrubbed before being reintroduced to the ambiance. This procedure creates chiefly DRI pellets due to the provender stock being pelletized Fe ore and at that place non being a demand to alter the geometry through briquetting. A mistake of the Midrex procedure is its dependance on pelletized ore. The procedure requires the provender stock to incorporate no more than 3 % mulcts. The DRI pellets produced have a high metallization of 95 % on norm, doing it the highest quality DRI. The usage of the station burning allows the Midrex procedure to derive the bulk of the available energy and is what has made it favourable for the bulk of world-wide DRI production A faster production method and 1 that has more flexibleness than the shaft furnace is the rotary fireplace furnace or the Fastmet procedure. The rotary fireplace furnace is a uninterrupted operation that feeds stuff into a revolving furnace that passes the stuff through the reduction atmosphere so removes the stuff near when it completes the full rotary motion ( figure 2 ) . Unlike the Midrex procedure the Fastmet procedure uses mulcts as a feedstock. This allows for the recycling of EAF mulcts and mill dust that would be otherwise disposed of as a risky stuff. The Fastmet procedure uses a C cut downing agent and O burners. The C can be from legion beginnings such as coal, C bearing wastes, and coke. The procedure is seldom run utilizing coke due to the high cost of the coke and the procedure being capable of running on lower quality C mixes. The procedure requires a pelletizing or a briquetting operation due to the provender stock being mulcts. The full procedure requires between si x and twelve proceedingss to finish. The rotary fireplace furnaces produce a direct reduced Fe with a metallization runing from 85-92 % depending on the quality of the provender stock. Fluidized bed reactors are a batch reactor that introduces the stuff into the reactor so the reduction gasses are fed into the underside of the vas with adequate force per unit area to drift the provender stuff. This natation of the provender stuff allows for all of the surface country of the stuff to be exposed to the reduction gasses. There are several signifiers of fluidized bed reactors being used in the market today. The difference between the reacting vass is the figure of responding vass and the type of fuel used to making the reduction gases. The first type of fluid bed reactor is the Finmet procedure using Fe ore mulcts or EAF dust as a provender stuff and natural gas as a cut downing fuel. This procedure uses up to a four phase reactor with the progressive phases utilizing a higher gas speed and a lower reaction clip to derive between 91 % and 93 % metallization ( figure 3 ) . The Finmet procedure requires a briquetting operation because the provender stock is mulcts but be cause of necessitating a high pureness natural gas fuel it produces a really low residuary HBI. The following two procedures, Circofer and Circored, both feature a two phase fluidized bed reactor with the first phase being a short keeping clip vas with a high gas speed and the 2nd phase a long keeping clip with a low gas speed ( figure 4 ) . The difference between the two is that the Circofer procedure uses metallurgical coal for a fuel while the Circored procedure uses natural gas. Both of these reach an mean 92 % metallization and provender pellets. Hsysla steel developed a traveling bed reactor to make DRI ( figure 5 ) . The Hyl procedure provenders lump Fe into the procedure and a high H content reformed natural gas. The high H is created by reforming with a nickle-based accelerator. The Hyl procedure uses an elevated temperature and force per unit area to increase the processing clip for the reactions. The high H and the elevated temperature and force per unit area create a high quality DRI with 93 % mean metallization. The concluding reactor vas is the Allis Chalmers controlled Atmosphere Reactor ( ACCAR ) . The ACCAR uses a counter flow rotary kiln. The rotary kiln procedure uses a low quality but extremely reactive coal to make cut downing gasses ( figure 6 ) . The rotary kiln produces a DRI with a 92 % metallization. The responding vas does non use any of the station burning in the procedure but station burning vass have been added to the procedure to make adequate energy to power the full installation and add some back to the grid. With DRI being produced in many different treating methods there are some cardinal characteristics that set some appart from the others. The rotary kiln, shaft furnace, and the traveling bed reactor vass produce the highest metallization. The rotary fireplace furnace has the fastest procedure clip. The most popular on the market right now is the Midrex shaft furnace with about 60 % of the market portion of DRI production ( table 1 ) . DRI is a stuff that EAF operations have come to depend on and will go on to increase usage due to the high cost of hog Fe and the continued recycling of bit steel. Table 1 ) Comparative sum-up of procedures as of 2008 World Production Reactor Feed Type Reducing agent Average metallization Merchandises ACCAR 24.0 % Rotary Kiln pellets Low quality Coal 92 % Pellets and Energy FinMet 2.0 % Fluid bed reactor ore mulcts natural gas 91-93 % Briquettes Hyl 14.5 % Traveling bed reactor ball ore Coal 93 % Pellets or briquettes Midrex 58.2 % Shaft pellets natural gas 95 % Pellets Circofer 0.5 % two stage fluid bed ore mulcts Coal 92 % Pellets or briquettes Circored 0.5 % two stage fluid bed ore mulcts natural gas 92 % Pellets or briquettes Fastmet 0.4 % Rotary fireplace EAF dust/scrap Carbon 85-92 % Briquettes Plants Cited Bresser, W. , A ; Weber, P. ( 1995 ) . Circored and circofer: State of the art Technology for low cost direct decrease. Iron Steel Eng. ( USA ) Vol. 72, no 4, pp. 81-85. Energiron. ( n.d. ) . HP- HYL Process Description. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Energiron Corperate Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.energiron.com/tour/HYL % 20DR-Minimill % 20QTVR % 20tour/files/supportdocs/dri/pressprocess.pdf Kobe Steel, LTD. ( n.d. ) . FastMet Process. Retrieved Decemeber 7, 2009, from Kobelco, Kobe Steel LTD: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kobelco.co.jp/p108/fastmet/indexe.htm Kobelco. ( n.d. ) . Fastmet Process Flow. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Kobelco Corperation Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kobelco.co.jp/english/topics/2008/10/fastment_process_flow.pdf Lepinski, J. A. ( 1980 ) . THe ACCAR System and its Application to Direct Reduction of Iron Ores. Iron Steel Eng Vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 25-31. Lopez, G. G. , A ; Noriega, E. ( 2008, December ) . InTech Hot Fe. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Emerson Process Management: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.easydeltav.com/news/viewpoint/InTech1208.pdf Lopukhov, G. A. ( 2003 ) . The ‘Finmet ‘ engineering. Elektrometall Vol. 1, pp 43-44. Midrex Corp. ( 2009, April 1 ) . 2008 World Direct Reduced Statistics. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Midrex Corperate Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.midrex.com/uploads/documents/MIDREXStatsBook2008.pdf Quintero Yanez, D. ( 1992 ) . Development of Thursday Use of HYL DRI in the Electric Arc Furnace. 4th European Electric Steel Congress, ( pp. pp 273-283 ) . Madrid ; Spain. Schutze, W. R. ( n.d. ) . HBI – Hot Briquetting of Direct Reduced Iron. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Koppern Corperation Web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.koeppern.de/download/11_7.pdf Tanaka, H. , Harada, t. , A ; Yoshida, S. ( 2005 ) . Development of Coal-Based Direct Reduction Ironmaking Process. SEAISI Quarterly Vol 34, Number 4, ppp 26-33. Weber, P. , Hirsch, M. , Bresser, W. , A ; Husain, R. ( 2009 ) . Circofer, A Low Cost Approach to DRI production. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Hot Briqetted Iron Association: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hbia.org/Technical/openpdf.cfm? filename=DRProcess/1994-1DR.pdf How to cite Developments In Direct Reduced Iron, Essay examples

Unemployment in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Comparison of Unemployment in Australia and Indonesia. Answer: Introduction The study has directed to understand the status of unemployment in Australia at the current state of scenario. Australian economy can be identified as one of the leading developed economies of the globe. Surprisingly, the unemployment rate has been an issue for the economy leading to global uncertainties and lack of growth rate of the world economy. On the basis of per capita income, Australian citizens are counted as one of the leading countries. Currently, due to increased level of immigration and growth in the population, the labour market of the country has become quite stagnant. Precisely, the increasing demand for the skilled labours has created massive problems for unskilled labours (Borland, 2017). As a result of the existing scenario, the study will be helpful to identify the types of unemployment, issues of unemployment, and major causes leading to unemployment of the economy. Through the identification of the current rate of unemployment in Australia, the position of the e conomy can be reflected in the study. Meanwhile, the research has further aimed to discuss the unemployment scenario in the states of Australia such as New South Wales. Also, meaningful comparisons in the rate of unemployment have been drawn with the other Australian states to identify the issues leading to the jobless situation. In addition to that, the policy measures such as fiscal policy and other policies leading to control the rate of unemployment have been briefed and thoroughly discussed in the paper to create a substantial argument (Janda, 2016). Alternatively, to create a diversified discussion, the current unemployment scenario of Indonesia, a developing country has been drawn to a conclusion. Meanwhile, the comparative discussion of the unemployment scenario and the government policy measures of the countries will figure out a clear picture of the economic status for both the economies. The study also delivers the growth measures defined by the Australian government to achieve the unemployment target satisfyi ng for the countrys economic prosperity. Types of Unemployment There are three primary types of unemployment that occurs in an economy. The unemployment types are known as cyclical, structural and frictional unemployment. It is important to understand the type of unemployment that occurs mostly in an economy for the government to development appropriate policy in order to stabilise the economic condition of the nation (Dixon and Shepherd, 2011). The three major types of unemployment are discussed in details herein below: Cyclical Unemployment: An economy faces different ups and downs over the time. The ups and downs in the market are the primary reason for the occurrence of cyclical unemployment in the nations. When a country enters a recession different people lose their jobs irrespective of their skills and knowledge (Dixon and Shepherd, 2011). The lost of job due to the downturn in the economy is known as cyclical unemployment. It is important to note that the unemployment rate increased to around 25 percent in some of the developing countries during the period of great depression. Structural Unemployment: The structural unemployment occurs due to the absence of demand for a particular type of employee. The primary reason for the occurrence of structural unemployment is the mismatch between the skills possessed by the workers and the skills required by the employees (Cho and Newhouse, 2011). It can be seen through a survey report that structural unemployment is primarily found unemployment in Australia due to the lack of experience and skills among the younger generation. Frictional Unemployment: Frictional unemployment is one of the unavoidable types of unemployment that occurs in an economy. The primary reason for the occurrence of frictional unemployment is the normal turnover in the employment market. The shift of an individual from one job to another needs a certain amount of time. The amount of time spent on finding a new job and getting employed is known as frictional unemployment (Cho and Newhouse, 2011). Issues of Unemployment Unemployment can create substantial economic issues leading to long-run economic uncertainties and slowdown. Though an economy cannot make the rate of unemployment to entire zero, the issue of unemployment can be attached to an economy. In the underlying section, the issues of unemployment have been defined as follows: Reducing the per capita income: One of the major issues of unemployment is continuous dip in the per capita income. If the majority of the population has remained jobless, automatically the average income of the country per person will reduce to a substantial margin. Decrease in minimum wage rate: Another issue of rising unemployment is deduction in the minimum wage rate. Therefore, to create better job opportunities, employees tend to leave their current job position leading to frictional employment. As a result of the scenario, drop in minimum wage rate will contribute to further unemployment issues. Chances of recession: Alternatively, in an indirect way, unemployment situation in an economy can largely contribute towards economic recession. If an economy has high rate of unemployment, the possibility of recession is enhanced. Due to surging rate of jobless, the government spending will be increased at a notable order resulting in economic breakdown. Economic slowdown: Last but not the least, the rate of unemployment can create massive scopes for economic slowdown leading to uncertainties. In a developed or developing economy, the rate of unemployment has been taken into consideration to identify the prospects of the economy. Hence, high rate of unemployment can lead to economic slowdown, to say the least. Meanwhile, identifying the issues of unemployment will not be effective enough. Apparently, specific government policies such as fiscal policy and monetary policy have been directed to improve employment scenario and growth of the economy. Understandably, to control the issues of unemployment new set of investment and government policies will be the key to success. Causes of Unemployment In the Australian market, the major causes of unemployment are significantly diversified. Understandably, the main reason behind rising unemployment in the economy has been described as follows: Industry shutdowns: In the current state of scenario, industrial shutdown can be identified as the major cause of rising unemployment in Australia. Meanwhile, in the region of South Australia, the industry shutdown has contributed to the massive jobless situation. Hence, most of the unemployed people cannot find another vacancy in the other industries such as manufacturing, automobile, textiles and mining (Brdsen, Hurn and McHugh, 2012). The global crisis and economic slowdown: Due to global economic downturn and slowdown in the major economies, the export orders in the industrial sector have dropped in a notable way. As a result of the scenario, the organisations in the South Australia, New South Wales, and other territory have forced to cut down the number of jobs for the unskilled labours (Murphy, 2016). Also, the global financial crisis has limited the public as well as private spending leading to unsatisfactory job creation. Offshoring: Offshoring has become another leading factor to the increase rate of unemployment in Australia. As the modern organisations have started to offer tax inducement to the developed nations in the Western continents to shift jobs, the Australian unemployment situation has got worst (Brdsen, Hurn and McHugh, 2012). Hence, most of the jobs in the Australian textile, mining, engineering, automobile and other industries have offered to the skilled and professional job seekers of the western nations. Thus, unskilled labours in Australia are losing their jobs randomly. Technological development: Last but not the least; modern technological development and use of robotics in manufacturing, automobile, and textile industry in Australia have taken the place of the unskilled labours in the past decade or so. As a result of the same, major industries have reduced the number of workforces contributing to the unemployment scenario. Unemployment in Australia According to the report of the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the seasonally adjusted rate of unemployment in Australia has increased to 5.8 percent in the last year of 2016. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate has surged by 0.1 percent in compare to Novembers data (Abs.gov.au, 2017). In the underlying section, a graph has been delivered to show the rate of unemployment in Australia in the past five years. Figure: Australia Unemployment Rate Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) Meanwhile, the jobless claim figure rose unexpectedly as mere 13,500 new employments have been created in the economy. Alternatively, the jobless claims have increased by 14,700. In the next segment, the jobless situation in New South Wales and other Australian territories has been briefed. Unemployment situation in New South Wales In order to identify the actual status of the unemployment situation in Australia, the unemployment rate of Australian states has been compared to get a clear indication of the prospects. Meanwhile, in December 2016, the unemployment rate of New South Wales has been registered at 5.2 percent that is below the overall rate of unemployment in the country (lmip.gov.au/, 2017). Understandably, the industrial hiring rate, as well as the government spending, has largely contributed to control the rate of unemployment of NSW between 5 and 5.5 percent. Also, the growth of part-time job opportunities in the territory has kept the unemployment rate of the state steady. Unemployment situation in other states According to the survey report released by Australian Bureau of Statistics, apart from Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate of all the Australian states are recorded above 6 percent excluding NSW in December 2016. In the underlying section, a chart has been delivered with the trending data of unemployment rate of each of the states (lmip.gov.au/, 2017). Notably, though the level of unemployment of Australia is below 6 percent in the past six months or so, the unemployment issues are kept rising in the primary states such as Tasmania, Western Australia, Victoria, Queensland, and South Australia. Figure: Unemployment Rate by Australian State and Territory in December 2016 Source: (lmip.gov.au/, 2017) In the underlying section, a comparative table has presented to discuss the diversified unemployment rate, causes of unemployment and government policies of states to reduce unemployment as follows: State Unemployment Rate (%)(Dec 2016) Main reason for unemployment Government Policies Australian Capital Territory 3.7 Industrial shutdowns are contributing towards jobless Coalition and fiscal stimulus have supported to create new jobs New South Wales 5.2 Offshoring of job market has caused substantial job losses (Janda, 2016) Fiscal policy and tax benefits encourages job creation Victoria 6 Modern technological development as well as offshoring have contributed in job cut downs Employment subsidies are considered as major policy reforms Tasmania 6.4 Lack of government spending in the public as well as private sector has reduced the number of jobs Tax reforms to increase aggregate demand South Australia 6.8 Major industry slowdowns such as automobile and textiles has increased the rate of unemployment (Borland, 2017) Fiscal funding to create jobs Queensland 6.2 Lack of public and private spending has failed to create jobs Increasing government spending in the public and private sector to create jobs Western Australia 6.6 Offshoring and business slowdown have been a major issue leading to jobless Fiscal stimulus packages and employment subsidies are forwarded Northern Territory 3.6 Offshoring has contributed to jobless in the territory Suitable tax reforms such as marginal tax deduction, fiscal measures and increasing apprenticeship schemes have contributed to create employment. Government Policies Australian government policies directed to reduce the rate of unemployment have been briefed as follows: Increasing aggregate demand: The government of Australia has identified the most active fiscal policy to increase the government investment spending creating more job opportunities. Moreover, a substantial amount of fiscal stimulus has been given under the fiscal policy to support modern industries operating in Australia (Filc and Ko?hler, 2009). Thus, extra spending on industrial infrastructure can create jobs. Tax Reforms and employment subsidies: Affirmatively, by lowering the marginal tax rates, significant taxation policy reforms have been introduced by the Australian government to increase job opportunities in different industries. Apart from that, government subsidies such as employment contracts should be signed by the employers to hire young candidates (Borland, 2017). Lowering occupational immobility: Precisely, the government of Australia encourages policies known as apprenticeship schemes and career development schemes to make the people more skilled. Thus, by reducing occupational serenity, new talents can be prepared to increase their skills to find appropriate jobs (Irmen, 2009). Unemployment in Indonesia According to the article of Jakarta Globe (2015), the unemployment rate of Indonesia has increase in the first half of 2015 from 5.7 percent to 5.81 percent. Furthermore, the unemployment rate drew to 6.20 percent by the middle of the year. It has been estimated by the economist that the slower economic growth has been the primary reason for the high rate of unemployment in the country (Jakarta Globe, 2015). Research shows that the economic growth for more than a decade has succeeded in reducing the unemployment rate from more than 20 percent in the 1990s to 6 percent in the year 2015. But, the slower rate of economic growth is unable to provide employment to the younger generation joining the labour market every year. A table has been presented below showing the unemployment rate of Indonesia for the last ten years: Unemployment in Indonesia Particulars 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Unemployment 10.30% 9.10% 8.40% 7.90% 7.10% 6.60% 6.10% 6.20% 5.90% 6.20% (percentage of total labour population) Urban Unemployment - - - - - - - - 7.10% 7.30% (percentage of total urban labour population) Rural Unemployment - - - - - - - - 4.80% 4.90% (percentage of total rural labour population) Male Unemployment 8.50% 8.10% 7.60% 7.50% 6.10% - - - - - (percentage of male labour population) Female Unemployment 13.40% 10.80% 9.70% 8.50% 8.70% - - - - - (percentage of female labour population)Source: (Investments, 2017) On the other hand, the government of Indonesia has been quite effective in implementing new policies in order to improve the employment level in the country (Delalande, 2016). The Indonesian government has effectively collaborated with the private sector in order to provide more jobs to the people of the nation and has effectively reduced the unemployment rate to 5.5 percent in the first half of the year 2016. A figure has been presented below for better understanding: Figure: Unemployment rate (Indonesia) Source: (Tradingeconomics.com, 2017) Currently, the unemployment rate in the country is around 5.94 percent and the economist has forecasted that the unemployment rate will increase in the upcoming years due to the downfall in the mining industry (Tradingeconomics.com, 2017). Furthermore, the fall of demand in the mining industry has negatively impacted the economy of Indonesia that will further impact the unemployment level in the country. Government Policies The Indonesian government has played an active role in order to reduce unemployment rate in the nation. The government has implemented different policies to improve the current condition of the labour market. The government policies that are currently used in Indonesia have been discussed herein below: Collaboration with public sector: The government has collaborated with the private sector organisations to provide more jobs to the Indonesian people. The active participation of the government has been quite effective in providing 2 million more jobs to the younger generation entering the labour market every year (Farrer, 2015). Fiscal policy: The Indonesian government has made changes in its fiscal policy to promote business in the country. Lower interest loans have been provided to the Indonesian organisations along with employment subsidy to improve job market (Jackman and Layard, 2007). Career development program: The government has focused on career development programs by collaborating with several private institutions to improve the skills and knowledge of the Indonesian people. Furthermore, the government provides lower priced skill development programs and training facilities to the people to improve the strength of the workers in the Indonesian labour market (Jackman and Layard, 2007). Comparison between Australia and Indonesia By considering the above analysis, a comparison has been drawn for the unemployment level between Australia and Indonesia that has been presented in the table given below: Comparison between Australia and Indonesia Particulars Australia Indonesia Population The current population of Australia is 24 million The current population of Indonesia is 255 million Urban population 89.42 percent of the total population 53.7 percent of the total population Rural Population 10.58 percent of the total population 46.3 percent of the total population Unemployment Rate 5.7 percent 5.94 percent Per capita income 54708.18 US dollars in 2015 3834.06 US dollars in 2015 Primary type of unemployment Structural unemployment Cyclical Unemployment Primary reason for unemployment Industrial shutdowns and skill gap in the labour market among the younger generation Decline in the economic growth and global economic uncertainties It can be seen from the above table that the population of Indonesia is more than Australia. Though both the economies have a same level of unemployment, but the number of unemployed people in both the countries varies by a huge number (Murphy, 2016). For example, the number of unemployed people in Australia is 1.368 million. On the other hand, the number of unemployed people in Indonesia is 13.365 million which is ten times more than that of Australia (Scott, 2017). Furthermore, the per capita income of the Australia people is more than the per capita income of the Indonesian people. Hence, the standard of living in Australia is quite better than the people of Indonesia. Furthermore, it can be seen through the above table that the structural unemployment is mostly seen in Australia. On the other hand, the Indonesian economy most faces cyclical unemployment. Hence, the Australia government needs to take necessary steps in order to improve the skills and knowledge of the younger generation (Delalande, 2016). Additionally, the government of Australia needs to make changes in its government spending in order to promote business in the urban region to support the needs of the labour market. But, in the case of Indonesia, the government needs to focus on balancing the economy by promoting business in the country to provide jobs to the unemployed people (Murphy, 2016). Furthermore, the Indonesian government needs to focus on the declining condition of the mining industry in order to save the jobs of the current population and balance the economic condition of the nation. Hence, the basic difference that can be seen between the two countries are the number o f unemployed people, the type of unemployment, the standard of living and the reason for the current unemployment rate. Discussion The investigation on current state on the unemployment situation in Australia has revealed significant data and information to be taken into consideration. The study has compiled the major issues leading to unemployment (Murphy, 2016). At the beginning of 2016, the unemployment rate of the country was 6 percent whereas, at the end of the year, the rate has been fractionally pulled back below the level of six. Nevertheless, the global slowdown and industrial shutdowns have fuelled the increasing rate of unemployment in the majority of the states (Irmen, 2009). Though the fiscal policy and tax reforms are contributing towards more growth in the job market, the target rate of unemployment is yet to be achieved. In the case of Indonesia, the unemployment rate has gradually increased from 5.5 percent at the beginning of the year to 5.94 percent at the end of the year 2016 (Scott, 2017). The industrial shutdowns and the declining in the global mining industry have been identified as the primary reason for the increasing unemployment rate in the nation (Murphy, 2016). It can be seen from the news that more than 100 mines of Indonesia have stopped their production in the year 2016 making 1000s of people unemployed. On the other hand, the people of Indonesia have been forced to work at a lower job as compared to their skills and knowledge (Scott, 2017). Furthermore, it leads to a lower level of minimum wage rate in the nation that has created a downturn in the labour market. Hence, it is important for the government of both the nations to take necessary steps in order to control the impacts of global economic downturn and maintain a balance in the labour market (Scott, 2017). Furthermore, the government of Australia needs to focus on developing the skills and knowledge of the workforce by implementing different career development programs by collaboration with several private institutions. Conclusion The above analysis shows that the unemployment of the both the countries occur due to the economic downturn in the global market. On the other hand, the impact of a high rate of unemployment is more on the Indonesian economy because of its higher amount of population and lower income level. The high amount of unemployment leads to increase crime level in the country and make the people feel unsatisfied and depressed. Hence, the unemployment leads to social unrest in both the economies. On the other hand, the government of both the countries have worked effectively in controlling the unemployment rate. But, the high rate of increasing population has made it difficult for the Indonesian government to provide adequate jobs to the new members of the labour market. Hence, the Indonesian government needs to focus on improving the economic growth rate in order to meet the challenges of unemployment in the country. On the other hand, the Australian government needs to implement necessary policies in order to increase the demand in the labour market to mitigate the issues of unemployment in the economy. Therefore, a difference can be seen through the analysis of unemployment between a developed country and a developing country, i.e. in the type of unemployment and its impact on the economic balance. References Abs.gov.au. (2017).Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ [Accessed Jan. 2017]. Brdsen, G., Hurn, S. and McHugh, Z. (2012). Asymmetric Unemployment Rate Dynamics in Australia.Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics Econometrics, 16(1). Borland, J. (2017). Unemployment in Australia-Prospects and Policies: An Overview.The Australian Economic Review, 30(4), pp.391-404. Cho, Y. and Newhouse, D. (2011).How Did the Great Recession Affect Different Types of Workers?. 1st ed. Bonn: IZA. Delalande, J. (2016).WA notches highest unemployment rate in the country. [online] WA Today. Available at: https://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/western-australia-records-highest-unemployment-rate-in-the-country-20161117-gsre6x.html [Accessed Jan. 2017]. Dixon, R. and Shepherd, D. (2011). State and Territory Employment and Unemployment Patterns in Australia.Australian Economic Review, 44(2), pp.196-206. Farrer, M. (2015).Unemployment in Australia rises to 6.4%, highest for 13 years, ABS figures show. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/feb/12/unemployment-in-australia-rises-to-64-in-january-abs-figures-show [Accessed Jan. 2017]. Filc, W. and Ko?hler, C. (2009).Macroeconomic causes of unemployment. 1st ed. Berlin: Duncker Humblot. Investments, I. (2017).Unemployment Employment in Indonesia | Indonesia Investments. [online] Indonesia-investments.com. Available at: https://www.indonesia-investments.com/finance/macroeconomic-indicators/unemployment/item255? [Accessed Jan. 2017]. Irmen, A. (2009). On Wage Policies and Unemployment.The Open Economics Journal, 2(1), pp.39-44. Jackman, R. and Layard, R. (2007).Innovative supply-side policies to reduce unemployment. 1st ed. London: L.S.E. Jakarta Globe. (2015).Indonesias Unemployment Rate Increases as Economy Slows | Jakarta Globe. [online] Available at: https://jakartaglobe.id/business/%EF%BB%BFindonesias-unemployment-rate-increases-economy-slows/ [Accessed Jan. 2017]. Janda, M. (2016).Unemployment edges up to 5.8 per cent. [online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-14/unemployment-jobs-figures-abs-june/7628690 [Accessed Jan. 2017]. lmip.gov.au/. (2017).Unemployment Rates (15+) by State and Territory, December 2016 (%). [online] Available at: https://lmip.gov.au/default.aspx?LMIP/LFR_SAFOUR/LFR_UnemploymentRate [Accessed Jan. 2017]. Murphy, J. (2016).Australia has an employment problem that no ones talking about. [online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/australian-economy/hopeless-cases-the-bitter-taste-of-australias-employment-problem/news-story/ae4504c4341e10b27098ef1680edc8fd [Accessed Jan. 2017]. Scott, M. (2017). Assembling the Antipodes: migration, finance and territoriality across Australia and New Zealand.Territory, Politics, Governance, pp.1-19. Tradingeconomics.com. (2017).Indonesia Unemployment Rate | 1982-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/indonesia/unemployment-rate [Accessed Jan. 2017]. Unemployment in Australia Question: Write an essay on "Unemployment in Australia". Answer: Introduction Unemployment is one of scourge that the economy faces in the levels of economic development. However, unemployment is the basic despair that the below poverty line experience as they are not able to experience the mainstream development. Unemployment, on the whole, creates damage to the development of the individual as well as the family and continues for a longer period of time (Barslud and Gros 2013). On the other hand, when analysed on the Australian economy, the economy has experienced structural changes that had led to rise of competition by the changes caused in the pattern of consumption of the rise in real income. The ongoing loss of jobs in the production of goods has caused a real decline in the job opportunities that has been evidently shown in the unemployment statistics. The last year data from April 2015 to April 2016 depicts a reduction in the unemployment rate by 0.4% (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016). However, the assignment holds the importance to be analysed on last three months analysis of the Australian unemployment rate from March 2016 to May 2016 based on the latest news gathered from the newspaper articles. Unemployment in Australia The unemployment framework in Australian is followed by the following structure as given below. Figure: People Not Employed Unemployment framework in any country is based on three dimensions that is employed, unemployed as well as out of the labour force. Conversely, unemployment rate is defined by the total unemployed people (a person who has not been working part or full time in the past week) divided by the total labour force (constitutes of people who is working in production activities as well as the people who are vigorously looking for work or will soon the commence their work) (Boeri and Van Ours 2013). On the other hand, participation rate is the percentage of the working age population which is 16 years and above in the labour force. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the latest data of April 2016 shows that the unemployed people constituted to be 726.6 (000) and labour force (Unemployed + employed) came out to be as (11910.8 + 726.6) 5.7% (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016). Trends of Unemployment in Australia The trends of the employment in Australia can be best evaluated by the last year data. As depicted in the chart above, the recent data in April 2016 stood to be 5.7% unchanged from the figure in March as well. However, in the past three years the consensus had been stood by 5.8% such that the changes can be evaluated that the economy added 10,800 jobs but the unemployed person in the economy increased by 400 in the past year (Trading Economics 2016). As reported by Janda (March 2016), there were in total only 300 jobs added and the participation had been falling with the seasonally adjusted figure to depicts a fall of 0.2%. Australian Economy seems to be decreasing in unemployment rate with the fall in underemployment as well. Although, there is still a doubt as though the unemployment rate is decreasing but there is certain uncertainty on the ABS data. The economic outlook of the economy is in the position to generate more jobs n the full as well as part time employment. However, the capital economics Paul Dales states that the unemployment rate has shown a consistency as the falling has not been statistically significant rather a weak performance in job creating could create statistical noise. As reported by Husna (April 2016), it is thereby illustrated that the unemployment rate has further dropped down to 5.7% such that the employment rose to a greater extent to 11909.6 and unemployment decreased by 723. There was a certain decline in the seasonally adjusted aggregate as well. The persons unemployment has decreased since the past year but because of frictional nature, the decreased in unemployed persons has not been significant. Figure: Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Rate However, according to ABS Data, there have been key points that have been noticed in the month of April 2016. Table: April Trend Estimates Although, after the decline in unemployment rate in Australia, since then the unemployment rate has been consistent explaining that the jobless rate is steady as a result employment rate growth is relatively growing weak. However, the existence of frictional employment is on a rise as many people drop from the work and gradually start looking for other job. Nevertheless, the drop-off people, who are consistently looking for work, are more concentrated in the part time employment. Moreover, according to the estimated working hours, there has been a steer drop which comes out to be 1.1% because of seasonal adjustment (Junda 2016). The trend has been consistent due to the basic reason that the quality of jobs has been decreasing. The basic motive of the Australian Government is to employ people irrespective of the jobs offered which lead to frictional unemployment. As a result, people employed are not able to give quality work which is indefinitely causing drop in jobs as the people are not able to cope up with the job specifications. The evident outcome will be seen on low consumption growth and the overall GDP of the economy if the total unemployment continues to be the same or rises eventually. The trends can be depicted based on the line chart with the comparison of Roy Morgan research, ABS original as well as seasonally adjusted data on the monthly average from 2000 to 2016 is given below. Figure: Unemployment Monthly Average Types of Unemployment Existent in Australia Frictional Unemployment - This kind of unemployment has been prevalent in Australia during the consistent unemployment rate as in the need of taking job, the unemployed person is in a voluntary search. Moreover, the person is in a habit of continuous change of jobs due to the changing market condition as well as the people who are not able to cope up with the job (van Meerhaeghe 2013). Cyclical Unemployment - This kind of unemployment is prevalent during the cyclical trends during boom and depression when the unemployment rate falls or increases respectively. However, this kind of fluctuation is not normal because this prevails with respect to the world scenario (Odekon 2015). Structural Unemployment - Australia has been in the continuous face of structural unemployment because of the consistent unemployment rate that is been fluctuating because there has been a continuous mismatch between the skills the employees possess and the skills the companys demand. However, this mismatch has been highly prevalent in the Australian economy. Therefore, structural unemployment takes place basically because of production changes, competition, technological as well as policy change. Nonetheless, this type of employment is prevalent in Australian economy (Junankar 2016). Long term Unemployment Damages the well being state in Australia The long term unemployment is taking a toll over the Australian well being because Australian economy has been providing work but it does not match the skill set of the employees (Junankar Kapuscinski 2013). As a result, this leads to a negative effect of unemployment because as long as the people remain unemployed, the results are likely that the skills will begin to deteriorate because of lack of skill and training. As said by Dr. Nicholas Gruen is that, the true cost of long-term unemployment was not captured by traditional economic indicators such as GDP. However, long term unemployment will only result in the social as well as economic damage (Wade 2014). Social and Economic Costs of Unemployment in Australia The economy on the whole results in the inefficiency of the matching demand and supply of labour. The total opportunities available in the economy like Australia has been increasing the employment opportunities such that the people should obtain the job before there are losses in the opportunities. The scenario of frictional as well as structural unemployment in the economy amongst individuals results in the inefficiency of living with the current expenses. However, society as a part of it bears the economic cost as the unemployed people start getting aids from the government such as employment benefits and stop paying taxes as well. This all costs add to the government budget (Argy and Nevile 2016). The cost on the individual begins with the reduction in incomes as well as the reduced income flow to the community. Moreover, the community can be affected in basic two ways. Firstly, the savings and investments will be reduced more in comparative to the consumption as the unemployed person will cushion oneself on the impact of loss of income. Secondly, the private and government outlays will increase in the meantime because of the se of public services like housing, health and services of the community. Overall, the impact will ascertain to be more severity on the individuals than the community as there will be straining peoples ability to meet the financial commitments. However, the overall impact will be experienced by the children in different areas like education, marriage and relationships (Junankar 2016). The other two costs that can influence the individuals are psychological cost and social cost. The psychological cost to the family results in low self esteem as well as in anger, frustration and despair due to the long term of unemployment. The other adverse affects causes the individual as a complete loss of control, depression and anxiety and even suicidal behaviour. Social Cost on the other hand, tend to increase in crime related activities as well as other activities like drugs, domestic violence and other social causes which results in excessive costs like hiring of police for the strict actions to be taken (Sandvik 2016). Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that the unemployment condition of Australia has been decreased in the past years but the considerable effect has been shown in the way of increasing jobs of part as well as full time. However, in the last three months from March 2016 to May 2016, unemployment rate has decreased but since April 2016, it prevails to be stagnant. The stagnant unemployment rate has in dominantly affected the structural and frictional unemployment mainly followed by cyclical unemployment. The prevailing unemployment has even lowered the labour participation rate. The direct effects have been viewed by the costs that the individual had to pay regarding low pay and low standard of living followed by psychological costs as well. On the other hand, the cost to the economy is borne by relaxing the taxes and giving aids to the unemployed persons. References Argy, V.E. and Nevile, J. eds., 2016.Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy Making. Routledge. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2016.6202.0 - Labour Force, Australia, Apr 2016. Barslund, M. and Gros, D., 2013. Unemployment is the scourge, not youth unemployment per se: The misguided policy preoccupation with youth.CEPS Policy Briefs, (294). Boeri, T. and Van Ours, J., 2013.The economics of imperfect labor markets. Princeton University Press. Janda, M. 2016.Unemployment falls to 5.8pc as job seekers give up. [online] ABC News. Janda. 2016.Unemployment steady but job quality 'deteriorating'. Junankar, P. N., Kapuscinski, C. A. (2013). Long-term unemployment in Australia: problems of memory and.On the Mysteries of Unemployment: Causes, Consequences and Policies,10, 358. Junankar, P.R. ed., 2016.Economics of the Labour Market: Unemployment, Long-Term Unemployment and the Costs of Unemployment. Springer. Odekon, M. 2015.Booms and Busts: An Encyclopedia of Economic History from the First Stock Market Crash of 1792 to the Current Global Economic Crisis. Routledge. Roy Morgan. 2016.Australian unemployment jumps to 11%. Sandvik, S., 2016. The Economic and Social Effects of Trial Periods for Employment Contracts. Trading Economics. 2016.Australia Unemployment Rate | 1978-2016 | Data | Chart | Calendar. van Meerhaeghe, M.A., 2013.Economic Theory: A Critics Companion. Springer Science Business Media.

Shakespeare Essays - Shakespearean Tragedies, William Shakespeare

Shakespeare William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was a great English playwright, dramatist and poet who lived during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest playwright of all time. No other writer's plays have been produced so many times or read so widely in so many countries as his. Shakespeare was born to middle class parents. His father, John, was a Stratford businessman. He was a glove maker who owned a leather shop. John Shakespeare was a well known and respected man in the town. He held several important local governmental positions. William Shakespeare's mother was Mary Arden. Though she was the daughter of a local farmer, she was related to a family of considerable wealth and social standing. Mary Arden and John Shakespeare were married in 1557. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford in 1564. He was one of eight children. The Shakespeare's were well respected prominent people. When William Shakespeare was about seven years old, he probably began attending the Stratford Grammar School with other boys of his social class. Students went to school year round attending school for nine hours a day. The teachers were strict disciplinarians. Though Shakespeare spent long hours at school, his boyhood was probably fascinating. Stratford was a lively town and during holidays, it was known to put on pageants and many popular shows. It also held several large fairs during the year. Stratford was a exciting place to live. Stratford also had fields and woods surrounding it giving William the opportunity to hunt and trap small game. The River Avon which ran through the town allowed him to fish also. Shakespeare's' poems and plays show his love of nature and rural life which reflects his childhood. On November 28, 1582, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway of the neighboring village of Shottery. She was twenty-six, and he was only eighteen at the time. They had three children. Susana was their first and then they had twins, Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet, Shakespeare's son, died in 1596. In 1607, his daughter Susana got married. Shakespeare's other daughter, Judith, got married in 1616. In London, Shakespeare's career took off. It is believed that he may have become well known in London theatrical life by 1592. By that time, he had joined one of the city's repertory theater companies. These companies were made up of a permanent cast of actors who presented different plays week after week. The companies were commercial organizations that depended on admission from their audience. Scholars know that Shakespeare belonged to one of the most popular acting companies in London called The Lord Chamberlain's Men. Shakespeare was a leading member of the group from 1594 for the rest of his career. By 1594, at least six of Shakespeare's plays had been produced. During Shakespeare's life, there were two monarchs who ruled England. They were Henry the eighth and Elizabeth the first. Both were impressed with Shakespeare which made his name known. There is evidence that he was a member of a traveling theater group, and a schoolmaster. In 1594, he became an actor and playwright for Lord Chamberlain's Men. In 1599, he became a part owner of the prosperous Globe Theater. He also was a part owner of the Blackfriars Theater as of 1609. Shakespeare retired to Stratford in 1613 where he wrote many of his excellent plays. There are many reasons as to why William Shakespeare is so famous. He is generally considered to be both the greatest dramatist the world has ever known as well as the finest poet who has written in the English language. Many reasons can be given for Shakespeare's enormous appeal. His fame basically is from his great understanding of human nature. He was able to find universal human qualities and put them in a dramatic situation creating characters that are timeless. Yet he had the ability to create characters that are highly individual human beings. Their struggles in life are universal. Sometimes they are successful and sometimes their lives are full of pain, suffering, and failure. In addition to his understanding and realistic view of human nature, Shakespeare had a vast knowledge of a variety of subjects. These subjects include music, law, Bible, stage, art, politics, history, hunting, and sports. Shakespeare had a tremendous influence on culture and literature throughout the world. He contributed greatly to the development of the English language. Many words and phrases from Shakespeare's plays and poems have become part of our

An Online Tool Hyperlocally Targets Language Usage

An Online Tool Hyperlocally Targets Language Usage An Online Tool Hyperlocally Targets Language Usage An Online Tool Hyperlocally Targets Language Usage By Mark Nichol According to a recent news article, thanks to Internet magic, online companies can identify hyperlocal vocabulary, which might have an impact on language usage and the development of tomorrow’s vocabulary. Yelp, the popular online search and review site, now has a feature on its site called Wordmaps, which shows visitors the concentration of use of certain words in certain geographical areas as small as city intersections. (The service, as of this writing, is limited to eighteen words used in a dozen American and Canadian cities, plus London and Paris, but it’s certain to expand its linguistic and geographical scope.) What are the ramifications of such a surgically specific service? Think of the possibilities for advertising and marketing: Anyone will be able to search a neighborhood, city, or region to determine the relative prominence of certain words. Real estate agents can note the prevalence of Yelp reviews that mention great restaurants, exciting shopping opportunities, superior schools, and sophisticated cultural experiences. Cities, counties, and states can attract prospective residents and tourists by publicizing the incidence of inhabitant- and visitor-friendly keywords. Businesses in general can take advantage of such data to encourage customers and clients to flock to certain places. Is this a good thing, or a bad thing? I’m not passing judgment on it; I just find it interesting, although it’s simply a more technologically sophisticated way of selling a locale something people have been doing since the dawn of civilization (and perhaps earlier). Here’s what interests me: This kind of tool will also have an impact on our language not necessarily a sea change, but something worth commenting on. People who are more technologically savvy will be more likely to employ this type of service and its offshoots. Technologically savvy people are more likely to drive social and cultural change. Thus, Yelp’s Wordmaps and similar tools are likely to accelerate adoption of slang and trendy locutions, to raise the profile of some words and phrases and speed the obsolescence of others. Again, this is nothing new, but the way it is accomplished and the speed with which it might be accomplished is new. It’s analogous to any form of information dissemination: Think of how alphabets, the printing press, journalism, telegraphy, telephony, radio, television, and the Internet, in turn, each revolutionized the way we communicate, introducing new terms and concepts faster and more widely than ever before. Yelp’s Wordmaps is another chapter in that story. Will it have an effect on your professional or personal writing? To some extent, it will but whether it’s measurable or noticeable remains to be seen. However, if you’re in the business of selling and if you write professionally, you are you might want to keep an eye on this new technology. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowAmong vs. AmongstIs "Number" Singular or Plural?

A Dolls House Study and Discussion Topics

'A Doll's House' Study and Discussion Topics A Dolls House is an 1879 play by Norwegian writer Henrik Ibsen, which tells the story of a discontented wife and mother. It was highly controversial at the time of its release, as it raised questions and criticism about the societal expectations of marriage, especially the subservient role women were expected to play. Nora Helmer is desperate to keep her husband Torvald from discovering that she forged loan documents, and thinks if she is revealed, he will sacrifice his honor for hers. She even contemplates killing herself to spare him this indignity. Noras being threatened by Nils Krogstad, who knows her secret and wants to reveal it if Nora doesnt help him. Hes about to be fired by Torvald, and wants Nora to intervene. Her attempts are unsuccessful, however. She asks Kristine, a long-lost love of Krogstads, to help her, but Kristine decides Torvald should know the truth, for the good of the Helmers marriage. When the truth comes out, Torvald disappoints Nora with his self-centered reaction. Its at this point Nora realizes she has never truly discovered who she is but has lived her life as a plaything for the use of first her father, and now her husband.  At the end of the play, Nora Helmer leaves her husband and children in order to be herself, which she is unable to do as part of the family unit. The play is based on a true story, of Laura Kieler, a friend of Ibsens who went through many of the same things Nora did. Kielers story had a less happy ending; Her husband divorced her and had her committed to an asylum. Discussion Topics What is important about the title? Who is the doll Ibsen refers to?Who is the more significant female character in terms of plot development, Nora or Kristine? Explain your answer.Do you think Kristines decision not to prevent Krogstad from revealing the truth to Torvald is a betrayal of Nora? Does this act ultimately hurt or benefit Nora?How does Henrik Ibsen reveal character in A Dolls House? Is Nora a sympathetic character? Did your opinion of Nora change from the beginning of the play to its conclusion?Does the play end the way you expected? Do you think this was a happy ending?A Dolls House is generally considered a feminist work. Do you agree with this characterization? Why or why not?How essential is the setting, both in terms of time period and location? Could the play have taken place anywhere else? Would the final outcome have had the same impact if A Dolls House had been set in the present day? Why or why not?Knowing that the plot is based on a series of events that happen ed to a female friend of Ibsens, did it bother you that he used Laura Kielers story without it benefiting her? Which actress would you cast as Nora if you were to stage a production of A Dolls House? Who would play Torvald? Why is the choice of actor important to the role? Explain your choices.

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

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Edna Manley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Edna Manley - Essay Example However, her later works were done in clay and cast. The sculptors she made were greatly influenced by the cultural changes taking place in Jamaica at the time. Her art was aimed at reflecting the Jamaican culture and the experiences Jamaicans were undergoing at the time. During the early 1920s, after she had returned to Jamaica from England, Edna realized that Jamaican middle class expected all women to be subjects of their husbands and operate in their shadows. However, she was a keen observer of the Jamaican way of life, and through this observation, she got inspiration for her work. Beadseller is the first bronze casting sculptor she created in 1923. The beadseller was a sharp and lean body depicting a person undergoing hardships. This piece personified the suffering and troubles many people in Jamaica went through. Through her work, Edna also attempted to elevate the status of women in the society. Unlike many other artists at the time, her style mainly centered on women, for instance, in 1928, she created the carving Eve from mahogany. This image had rounded and sensual body forms (Laduke, 37). This piece was recognized as one of Edna’s important works in which she acknowledges the mother of mankind. Through her art, she was able to recognize the role women had in the society. For instance, in her work The Message (1977), Edna shows two women sharing a secret. She claimed that she saw these two women in the market place and knew that it was a secret an older woman tells a younger one. Other works with the theme of older women include Man-Child (1974) and The Ancestor (1974) (Laduke, 37). She was a champion and advocate of the Black Jamaican rights and freedom. Through her works, Edna was able to show the world that Black Jamaicans were capable and ready to make a contribution to the Jamaican society and the world as a whole. These works represented the quest for a new order in the Jamaican society. Two of such

Filipino Basketball Player Essay Example for Free

Filipino Basketball Player Essay Allan Caidic Alan Vito Flores Caidic (born June 15, 1963, Pasig City, Philippines) is a retired professional basketball player from the Philippines and is currently an assistant coach of the Barangay Ginebra Kings in the PBA. He is considered by many to be the greatest shooter the country has ever produced, thus, earning the moniker the Triggerman . He played college hoops at the University before joining the Philippine Basketball Association in 1987, where he broke several Philippine and PBA all-time records—including the most points scored in a single game (79 points), the most three-point field goals made in a single game (17 triples; breaking his previous record of 15 triples), the most three-point field goals in a career (1,242 triples) and the most consecutive free throws in a row (76). He has played with several PBA teams and won numerous championships. He played for the team including the 1998 Philippine Centennial Team. While in the league, he was considered one of the best three-point shooters in Asia. The vaunted Chinese national basketball team recognized his ability by always reminding their players to be on the lookout for Philippine No. 8, referring to Caidics regular jersey number while playing for the National Team. Renz Patrick T. Narag Grade V- ST Joseph James Yap, Sr. James Carlos Agravante Yap, Sr. (born February 15, 1982 in Escalante City, Negros Occidental) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the San Mig Coffee Mixers in the Philippine Basketball Association. Yap enjoyed a successful high school basketball career at Bacolod Tay Tung High School and then at Iloilo Central Commercial High School, where he sparked his team to three consecutive Iloilo PRISAA titles. He then went on to play at the collegiate level for the UE Red Warriors and helped the team to the Final Four in 2002 after years of absence. However, the Red Warriors lost to the Blue Eagles, the eventual champions. In the following season of UAAP, Yap led the Red Warriors to the Final Four for the second straight time. Eventually in the semifinals series, the Warriors lost to the Far Eastern  UniversityTamaraws. Nevertheless, Yap was named as the Most Valuable Player in 2003. Yap also played for the Philippine Basketball League from 2001 to 2004. He decided to declare his eligibility for the PBA Draft, and was selected with the 2nd overall pick in the 2004 PBA Draft by the Purefoods Tender Juicy Giants. One of the focal points of the Purefoods offense, he is the 2005–2006 and 2009–2010 seasons Most Valuable Player and he is also 2009–2010 Philippine Cup Conference MVP. Yap is also a nine-time PBA South All-Star team starter through 2004 to 2012 and a many-time member of theRP Basketball Team.

Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Effective Use of the Foil -- Much Ado Ab

Effective Use of the Foil in   Much Ado About Nothing      Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, the famous British poet William Blake wrote that "without contraries there is no progression - Attraction and repulsion, reason and imagination, and love and hate are all necessary for human existence" (Blake 122).   As Blake noted, the world is full of opposites.   But, more importantly, these opposites allow the people of the world to see themselves and their thoughts more clearly.   For, as Blake asserts, without attraction, one cannot understand repulsion, and without imagination, one cannot understand reason.   In Much Ado About Nothing (MAAN), William Shakespeare uses this idea of the power of opposites to show the differences in two types of love.   Using the relationship, language, and actions of Hero and Claudio as a foil against those of Beatrice and Benedick, Shakespeare has painted a world in which the ideas of courtly love only serve to illuminate those of true love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In an essay on Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, William Kittredge defined the idea of courtly love that is illustrated in MAAN.   Kittredge said that courtly love must involve a love that is extremely idealized and superficial, with the vassal or servant-like suitor, who is often a valiant knight, devoting himself completely to an ideal woman who is often the daughter of a powerful man (Kittredge 528-529).   When this definition is applied to the relationship between Hero and Claudio in MAAN, one is able to recognize a perfect match.   For example, Claudio, a young lord of Florence, is a valiant soldier as is shown in the first scene of the play with the comments made by the Messenger: "[Claudio] hath borne himself beyond the promise of his age, doing ... ...hat is truly Much Ado About Nothing, becomes a commentary on the idea of love.   True love becomes illuminated through its reflection in its own foil - the ideals of courtly love.   The true relationship of Beatrice and Benedick compared to the relationship of Claudio and Hero, gives the reader not only a better understanding of the power of the literary foil, but also a foil into which that reader can reflect and better understand himself.    Works Cited "Blake, William." The Columbia Dictionary of Quotations.  Ã‚   CD-ROM. New York: Columbia UP, 1998. Kittredge, George. "The Marriage Group." The Canterbury  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tales: A Norton Critical Edition. Ed. V.A. Kolve. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1989. 523-530. Shakespeare, William. "Much Ado About Nothing." The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997. 1389-1443.

Gun Violence in America Research Paper

Since 1982, at least sixty-two mass shootings have occurred, thirty-two of them since 2006. (Aronsen). Jared Loughner was sentenced to life in prison after shooting nineteen people in January of 2011. Last July, fifty-eight people were shot and twelve killed while watching the new Batman movie in a theater in Colorado. In December, twenty-six people were murdered, including twenty first-graders, in a Connecticut elementary school (Follman). The issue of gun violence only becomes relevant after a horrific event such as these, then fades from public concern after about two weeks.The number of injuries and murders using guns in the United States is a large number, which can hopefully be lowered by implementing statewide, or even nationwide gun buyback programs, stricter carrying permit laws, and making it harder for the mentally unstable and convicted felons to legally obtain guns.HISTORY/BACKGROUNDThe argument for or against gun control has been an ongoing battle since the beginning of the nation. The Second Amendment gives people the â€Å"right to bear arms.† When arguing for this Amendment, the factor that is not considered is that it was made so one could protect their person in case of an emergency. There was no police force when this law was created; therefore it was almost every man for himself, the people protected themselves. Now the police force is incredibly large, and is always patrolling the streets to make sure all is well and everyone is safe. Carrying a small handgun in one’s car is reasonable, but is keeping ten different models of machine guns and semi-automatic rifles at home just for fun?PRODUCTION/OWNERSHIPEvery year, eight million small firearms and ten to fifteen billion rounds of ammunition are manufactured worldwide. Over eight hundred and seventy-five million firearms are in possession in the world, and 75% belong to the people (Alpers). In the United States, approximately 6. 1 million guns are produced each year and there is a ratio of 89 guns to every 100 people (â€Å"Firearms Death Rate per 100,000 by State, statehealthfacts. org†). According to a Gallup poll, the majority of gun owners possess guns for three main purposes: 67% for self-defense, 66% for target shooting, and 62%for hunting (Velasco). If one decides to own guns, they should be kept locked up safely in a private place, so there is not easy access for children in the household or someone incapable of properly operating a firearm.ARMED FELONS/MENTALLY UNSTABLEIn 2005, Erik Zettergren shot Jason Robinson in the head for attempting to have sex with his wife. He then forced Robinson’s fiancà ©e to assist him in dragging his dead body to the river for disposal. Zettergren was a man with a history of mental health problems, and was a convicted felon who had his rights to possess a gun barred.Two months before the murder, a judge reinstated his rights without even holding a hearing (Luo). Felons commit 90% of all gun crimes, y et most of their rights are given back with little or no review. Juveniles and the mentally unbalanced primarily carry out the remainder of the crimes (Kates Jr. ). A German Neurologist claims he has found the â€Å"dark patch† of killer’s brains that is associated with wicked behavior. He classifies these people into three groups. The first he classifies as ‘psychologically healthy,' people who grow up in an environment where it is ‘OK to beat, steal and murder'.The second type is the mentally disturbed criminal who looks at his world as threatening. The third group is pure psychopaths, a group in which tyrants such as Hitler and Stalin belong. (Hall)WILL IT SOLVE ANYTHING?Over thirty-eight thousand people use guns to commit suicide each year. If the guns are taken away from them, they will just find another way to kill themselves. Suicide is a problem that can’t really be solved. On the other hand, guns are also used to kill over eleven thousand pe ople a year (Becker).Again, if the guns are taken away, murderers will find other methods to kill, but if they aren’t using guns, there hopefully won’t be as many deaths. If a man goes into a building with a gun, he can kill an almost unlimited number of people, but if he only has a knife, for example, it’s going to take a lot longer to kill that many people by the time help arrives.ANTI-GUN ORGANIZATIONSOne of the most famous anti-gun organizations is the Brady Campaign, established in 1974, which has played a major role in the control of guns.Their main goal is to make it more difficult for convicted felons, the mentally unstable, and other such people to obtain guns (â€Å"About Us: History of the Brady Campaign†). They presented the Brady Act, passed in 1993, which would â€Å"impose a waiting period of up to five days for the purchase of a handgun, and subjects purchasers to a background check† (â€Å"Brady Act†). Since the imposition o f this act, over one hundred million background checks have been conducted, and more than seven hundred thousand attempted purchases have been denied (â€Å"National Instant Criminal Background Check System†).Another major group is the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence, or the CSGV. Their mission statement is â€Å"The Coalition to Stop Gun Violence seeks to secure freedom from gun violence through research, strategic engagement and effective policy advocacy. † They are composed of forty-seven national organizations, including religious and social justice organizations, child welfare advocates, and public health professionals. This diversity allows them to reach a wide variety of grassroots in the world (â€Å"About Us – Coalition to Stop Gun Violence†).CONCLUSIONIf people like teachers had carrying permits, they could keep a gun locked up in the classroom, so if a person with a gun comes bursting through the door and threatens to shoot people, or does shoot someone, the teacher can run to grab the gun, and protect the lives of all the children and him/herself. Through further investigation, it has been found that the gun murder rate can be lowered through proper enforcement of carrying permit laws, better help for the mentally unbalanced, and increased gun buybacks. Gun Violence in America Research Paper Since 1982, at least sixty-two mass shootings have occurred, thirty-two of them since 2006. (Aronsen). Jared Loughner was sentenced to life in prison after shooting nineteen people in January of 2011. Last July, fifty-eight people were shot and twelve killed while watching the new Batman movie in a theater in Colorado. In December, twenty-six people were murdered, including twenty first-graders, in a Connecticut elementary school (Follman).The issue of gun violence only becomes relevant after a horrific event such as these, then fades from public concern after about two weeks. The number of injuries and murders using guns in the United States is a large number, which can hopefully be lowered by implementing statewide, or even nationwide gun buyback programs, stricter carrying permit laws, and making it harder for the mentally unstable and convicted felons to legally obtain guns.HISTORY/BACKGROUNDThe argument for or against gun control has been an ongoing battle since the beginning of the nation. The Second Amendment gives people the â€Å"right to bear arms.† When arguing for this Amendment, the factor that is not considered is that it was made so one could protect their person in case of an emergency. There was no police force when this law was created; therefore it was almost every man for himself, the people protected themselves. Now the police force is incredibly large, and is always patrolling the streets to make sure all is well and everyone is safe. Carrying a small handgun in one’s car is reasonable, but is keeping ten different models of machine guns and semi-automatic rifles at home just for fun?PRODUCTION/OWNERSHIPEvery year, eight million small firearms and ten to fifteen billion rounds of ammunition are manufactured worldwide. Over eight hundred and seventy-five million firearms are in possession in the world, and 75% belong to the people (Alpers). In the United States, approximately 6.1 million guns are produced each year and there i s a ratio of 89 guns to every 100 people (â€Å"Firearms Death Rate per 100,000 by State, statehealthfacts.org†).According to a Gallup poll, the majority of gun owners possess guns for three main purposes: 67% for self-defense, 66% for target shooting, and 62%  for hunting (Velasco). If one decides to own guns, they should be kept locked up safely in a private place, so there is not easy access for children in the household or someone incapable of properly operating a firearm.ARMED FELONS/MENTALLY UNSTABLEIn 2005, Erik Zettergren shot Jason Robinson in the head for attempting to have sex with his wife. He then forced Robinson’s fiancà ©e to assist him in dragging his dead body to the river for disposal. Zettergren was a man with a history of mental health problems, and was a convicted felon who had his rights to possess a gun barred. Two months before the murder, a judge reinstated his rights without even holding a hearing (Luo). Felons commit 90% of all gun crimes, yet most of their rights are given back with little or no review. Juveniles and the mentally unbalanced primarily carry out the remainder of the crimes (Kates Jr.).A German Neurologist claims he has found the â€Å"dark patch† of killer’s brains that is associated with wicked behavior. He classifies these people into three groups. The first he classifies as ‘psychologically healthy,' people who grow up in an environment where it is ‘OK to beat, steal and murder'. The second type is the mentally disturbed criminal who looks at his world as threatening. The third group is pure psychopaths, a group in which tyrants such as Hitler and Stalin belong. (Hall)WILL IT SOLVE ANYTHING?Over thirty-eight thousand people use guns to commit suicide each year. If the guns are taken away from them, they will just find another way to kill themselves. Suicide is a problem that can’t really be solved. On the other hand, guns are also used to kill over eleven thousand p eople a year (Becker). Again, if the guns are taken away, murderers will find other methods to kill, but if they aren’t using guns, there hopefully won’t be as many deaths. If a man goes into a building with a gun, he can kill an almost unlimited number of people, but if he only has a knife, for example, it’s going to take a lot longer to kill that many people by the time help arrives.ANTI-GUN ORGANIZATIONSOne of the most famous anti-gun organizations is the Brady Campaign, established in 1974, which has played a major role in the control of guns. Their main goal is to make it more difficult for convicted felons, the mentally unstable, and other such people to obtain guns (â€Å"About Us: History of the Brady Campaign†). They presented the Brady Act, passed in 1993, which would â€Å"impose a waiting period of up to five days for the purchase of a handgun, and subjects purchasers to a background check† (â€Å"Brady Act†). Since the impositio n of this act, over one hundred million background checks have been conducted, and more than seven hundred thousand attempted purchases have been denied (â€Å"National Instant Criminal Background Check System†).Another major group is the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence, or the CSGV. Their mission statement is â€Å"The Coalition to Stop Gun Violence seeks to secure freedom from gun violence through research, strategic engagement and effective policy advocacy.† They are composed of forty-seven national organizations, including religious and social justice organizations, child welfare advocates, and public health professionals. This diversity allows them to reach a wide variety of grassroots in the world (â€Å"About Us – Coalition to Stop Gun Violence†).CONCLUSIONIf people like teachers had carrying permits, they could keep a gun locked up in the classroom, so if a person with a gun comes bursting through the door and threatens to shoot people, or does sho ot someone, the teacher can run to grab the gun, and protect the lives of all the children and him/herself. Through further investigation, it has been found that the gun murder rate can be lowered through proper enforcement of carrying permit laws, better help for the mentally unbalanced, and increased gun buybacks.

President of the United States Essay

The President of the United States, the chief executive officer of the federal government, the leader of the executive branch, and the commander in chief of the armed forces has certain constitutional powers. How much power does he really have? Does he have too much? Does he have too little, or not enough? In my opinion, I believe that the President of the United States of America has just enough power to run our country, deal with foreign and domestic policies, and fight the War on Terror In this essay, I will discuss my opinion, what the president’s powers are under the Constitution, and whether or not the president’s role has expanded beyond these powers in domestic and foreign policy. Under Article II, Section 2 and Section 3 of the Constitution, it outlines the powers and duties of the president. The President holds two main roles: he is the Head of State and is the Chief of Government. The powers and duties that fall under these roles are identified as two main sources of power; his expressed powers and his delegated powers. The expressed powers are specifically defined powers that cannot be revoked by Congress or any agencies without an amendment to the Constitution. The delegated powers are the powers given to the president by Congress. Examples of expressed powers are the authorization to make treaties, grant pardons, and nominate judges and other public officials. The president also has the power to receive ambassadors and command the military forces of the United States. The delegated powers under Article II of the Constitution state that the President â€Å"shall take Care that Laws be faithfully executed†. These powers delegate that the President will only have the authority to carry out decisions through identification and development. Out of every country in the world, our president is the only one with both roles as the Head of State and Chief of Government. A third power, that is not stated in the Constitution, but is claimed occasionally by the President are inherent powers. The inherent powers are said to stem from â€Å"the rights, duties and obligations of the presidency†. These powers are exercised by presidents in times of war or national emergency. One of the President’s biggest powers that are applied as part of his inherent powers is the power to declare war. The President’s express powers are divided into five categories. The five categories are: Military, Judicial, Diplomatic, Executive, and Legislative. Beneath the Military category, it affirms that under Article II, Section 2; the President is provided the power as â€Å"Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States. † Beneath the Judicial category, it affirms under Article II, Section 2; the President is provided the power to â€Å"grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.† Beneath the diplomatic category under Article II, Section 2; the President is provided the power â€Å"to make Treaties by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate. † Additionally, under Article II, Section 3; the President is provided the power to â€Å"receive Ambassadors and other Public Ministers. † Beneath the Executive category, it affirms under Article II, section 3; the President is authorized to see to it that all laws are faithfully executed. Additionally, Section 2 gives the chief executive power to appoint, remove, and supervise all executive officers and to appoint all federal judges. Under the Legislative branch, it affirms under Article 1, section 7 and Article II, Section 3 that the President has the power to participate authoritatively in the legislative process. The military authorities granted to the President are amongst the most important powers granted to someone leading the United States of America. As the President of the United States, you are granted the position as commander in chief. The position of commander and chief deems the President the highest military authority in the United States with control of the entire defense establishment. Additionally, the President is head of the nation’s intelligence network, which includes the CIA, NSC, NSA, and the FBI, which are among the most well regarded intelligence networks in the world. The constitution is the main principle in giving President’s the power to declare war; however, many Presidents’ decide to capture this power for themselves without consulting Congress. This is a resolution of Congress that the President can send troops into action abroad only by authorization of Congress, or if American troops are already under attack. For example, when President Bush responded to the attacks on the World Trade Centers in New York on September 11th, 2001 he ordered a major military campaign to overthrow the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Again in 2002, President Bush ordered a huge American campaign against Iraq to overthrow the Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein, whom he believed had links to the terrorist network that attacked the United States. President Bush publically made it a point to state that he did not need Congress’s authorization to declare war against organizations deemed an imminent threat against the United States of America. This is what is called the War Powers Resolution. The Judicial Powers granted to the President of the United States give him or her power to grant reprieves, pardons, and amnesties. Additionally, it involves power over all individuals who may be a threat to the security of the United States. Presidents may use this power to grant a reprieve on behalf of a particular individual. An example of reprieve for one particular individual would be when President Gerald Ford granted a pardon for former President, Richard Nixon, for â€Å"all offenses against the United States which he †¦ has committed or may have committed.† The Diplomatic Powers declare that our President is also our countries â€Å"Head of State†, or its chief representative when dealing with other countries. The title of Head of State grants the President the power to make treaties for the United States. The power of receiving Ambassadors and other Public Ministers was pushed through Congress under President Washington’s leadership in 1793. This power allows the President almost unrestricted authority to review the claims of any new ruling groups to determine whether they indeed control the territory and population they claim is theirs. The Executive Power, which is another one of the most important power’s as chief executive states that the President must ensure that all laws are faithfully executed. Additionally, this appoints the President to assign, remove, and supervise all executive officers and federal judges. These powers, under the Constitution, basically appoint the President as the true Chief Executive Officer of the United States. Another component the President is granted as chief executive is â€Å"executive privilege†. Executive privilege claims that confidential communications between the President and close executives are to be kept confidential and are not to be revealed without express permission for the President. The Legislative Power is broken down into two Constitutional provisions. The first of these provisions is under Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution and it states that the President â€Å"shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.† The second provision states the President has the power to veto. The veto is the President’s constitutional power to turn down acts of Congress. Other powers that are granted to the President are his â€Å"Delegated Powers. † These powers are not found in the Constitution but are product of congressional statutes and resolutions given to the President over the last century. The delegation of powers has been an almost inescapable consequence of the expansion of government activity in the United States. In conclusion, my belief is that the president has just enough power to run our country, deal with foreign and domestic policies, and fight the War on Terror. Because of the President’s two main sources of power, which are his express powers and delegated powers, it enables him to fulfill his duties and obligations without having too much power over our government and legislation.